Author: Pavel

Is IPv6 the Way of the Future?

With the explosive growth of connected devices, IPv4’s limitations are becoming more apparent, leading to the development of IPv6, the successor protocol. So, let’s explain what it is, why it was developed, and whether it truly represents the future of the Internet.

What is IPv6?

IPv6, or Internet Protocol version 6, is the latest version of the Internet protocol used to assign unique addresses to devices so they can communicate on the network. The most significant difference between IPv4 and IPv6 is the size of the address space.

While IPv4 uses a 32-bit system that supports about 4.3 billion unique addresses, IPv6 uses a 128-bit system, allowing for an astronomical number of addresses — approximately 340 undecillion. This makes it capable of handling the immense growth of internet-connected devices in the future.

ARP: The Foundation of Network Addressing

August 22, 2024 Pavel No Comments Network Address Resolution Protocol, Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), ARP, IP address, LAN network, MAC address

ARP, or Address Resolution Protocol, plays a pivotal role in ensuring seamless communication between devices within a local network. Whether you’re an IT professional or just curious about how networks function, understanding this protocol is crucial. Today, we will explain a little bit more about it and highlight its importance and how it operates.

What is ARP?

The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a network protocol used to map an IP address to a physical MAC (Media Access Control) address within a local area network (LAN). In simpler terms, Address Resolution Protocol translates the logical address (IP address) that software applications use into the hardware address (MAC address) that network interfaces recognize.

When a device on a LAN wants to send data to another device, it has to know the recipient’s MAC address to ensure proper delivery. Address Resolution Protocol facilitates this process by dynamically linking IP addresses to MAC addresses, making it a fundamental component of network communication.

Benefits of Address Resolution Protocol

SMTP and IMAP Explained: A Beginner’s Guide to Email Communication

August 8, 2024 Pavel No Comments Network IMAP, Internet Message Access Protocol, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, SMTP, SMTP and IMAP, SMTP vs IMAP

SMTP and IMAP are two of the most crucial protocols you’ll encounter. When it comes to managing email, understanding the protocols that power email communication can make a world of difference. In today’s article will explain these protocols, their roles in email transmission, and why they’re essential for everyday email use. So, let’s get started!

What is SMTP?

SMTP stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. It is the standard protocol used for sending emails across the internet. When you hit “send” on an email, SMTP is the protocol that ensures your message reaches its intended destination.

IMAP explained in detail

TCP Monitoring vs UDP Monitoring: What is the Difference?

July 12, 2024 Pavel No Comments Monitoring Monitoring, TCP, TCP monitoring, TCP monitoring vs UDP monitoring, UDP, UDP monitoring

TCP monitoring and UDP monitoring are essential for network administrators to maintain and troubleshoot networks effectively. Monitoring is a crucial aspect that ensures the stability, performance, and security of network operations. The two primary protocols for internet data transport are TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol). In today’s article we will explain what TCP and UDP monitoring are and what are the key differences between them.

What is TCP Monitoring?

TCP, or Transmission Control Protocol, is a connection-oriented protocol that guarantees the delivery of data packets in the correct order and without errors. This reliability makes it the backbone for many critical internet services, such as web browsing, email, and file transfers.

TCP monitoring involves observing and analyzing the behaviour of TCP traffic within a network. The primary goals of TCP monitoring include ensuring data integrity, identifying performance issues, and detecting anomalies that could indicate security threats. Here are some key aspects of TCP monitoring:

Deep dive into Dynamic DNS

June 28, 2024 Pavel No Comments DNS A record, AAAA reord, DDNS, DHCP, DNS A record, DNS records, Dynamic DNS, FTP, HTTP, HTTPS, IP address, TTL

The Domain Name System (DNS) is a foundational component of internet infrastructure, translating human-readable domain names into IP addresses. Traditional DNS setups, however, assume static IP addresses for domain names, which can be a limitation in modern, dynamic network environments. This is where Dynamic DNS (DDNS) comes into play. DDNS allows for the automatic updating of DNS records, making it possible to maintain consistent domain name to IP address mappings even when IP addresses change frequently. This blog post provides a detailed technical deep dive into Dynamic DNS, exploring its mechanisms, benefits, use cases, and implementation.

Understanding Dynamic DNS (DDNS)

Dynamic DNS (DDNS) is an extension to the standard DNS protocol, enabling the automatic update of DNS records for devices with dynamically assigned IP addresses. This is particularly useful for devices that connect to the internet through Internet Service Providers (ISPs) that frequently change the IP addresses assigned to their customers.

The Role of RTT (Round-Trip Time) in Network Efficiency

June 7, 2024 Pavel No Comments Network high RTT, Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), low RTT, Ping command, Round-Trip Time, RTT, RTT (Round-Trip Time)

Round-Trip Time (RTT) is a crucial metric that often determines the efficiency and speed of our internet connections. Whether you’re streaming a video, browsing a website, or participating in a video call, it plays a significant role in your online experience. In today’s article we explain more about it, why it matters, and how it affects our daily digital interactions.

What is Round-Trip Time (RTT)?

Round-Trip Time, commonly referred to as RTT, is the measure of the time it takes for a signal to travel from the source to the destination and back again. In simpler terms, it’s the time elapsed between sending a request and receiving a response. This metric is crucial for understanding the latency in a network connection.

Imagine sending a letter to a friend and waiting for a reply. The total time it takes from sending your letter to receiving a response is analogous to RTT in networking. However, in the digital world, this process happens in milliseconds.

The difference between RTT and Latency

What is the NSlookup command for?

February 23, 2024 Pavel No Comments Network A record, AAAA record, DNS, DNS records, IP address, IPv4, IPv6, MX record, NSlookup, NSlookup command, TXT record

The NSlookup command, short for “name server lookup,” is a versatile tool that any network administrator or curious user should have in their toolkit. This command-line utility is used to query Domain Name System (DNS) servers to find the IP address associated with a domain name or vice versa, making it an essential tool for troubleshooting DNS problems and for ensuring that the DNS records are correctly set up and propagated. Let’s dive deeper into what the NSlookup command is, how it works, and how you can use it effectively.

What is DNS?

Before we delve into the specifics of the NSlookup command, it’s crucial to understand the basics of the Domain Name System (DNS). DNS is essentially the phonebook of the internet, translating human-friendly domain names (like www.example.com) into machine-readable IP addresses (like 192.0.2.1), which are required to locate and identify computer services and devices on the internet. Without DNS, we would have to memorize IP addresses to access websites, which is not practical.

Why is DNS cache poisoning dangerous?

May 19, 2023 Pavel No Comments DNS DNS, DNS cache, DNS cache poisoning, DNS spoofing, DNSSEC, Monitoring, Private DNS, Reverse DNS

DNS cache poisoning: Explanation

DNS cache poisoning, also known as DNS spoofing, is an attack that occurs when malicious or false data is inserted into a DNS cache server. This data corrupts the data stored in the server, causing it to respond to requests for a domain name with the wrong IP address. In other words, valid DNS requests that are received by a corrupted server will be answered with incorrect information, such as sending a user to the wrong website or to a malicious one. DNS spoofing is dangerous because it can manipulate information on the Internet allowing criminals to commit cybercrimes. It can also be used to redirect web traffic to sites that contain malicious software, leading to data breaches and other security threats.

What does Reverse DNS mean?

September 21, 2022 Pavel No Comments DNS DNS records Network A record, AAAA record, DNS, DNS lookup, Domain name, Domain Name System, Internet Protocol, IP address, IPv4, IPv6, PTR record, rDNS, Reverse DNS

Reverse DNS is an absolutely beneficial instrument for every business. It will convert the IP address into the domain name. But what makes you think you’d want that? Let’s take a closer look at Reverse DNS to comprehend it better.

PTR record – definition

The PTR is a DNS record type that we use for Reverse DNS to connect IP addresses (both IPv4 and IPv6) to the domain name. For example, when receiving mail servers want to know where an email came from, they execute a rDNS lookup and seek for PTR records. The PTR records will ensure that the IP address is actually associated with the domain name.

The purpose of Reverse DNS

Reverse DNS, also known as rDNS, is a querying technique used by DNS (Domain Name System) to do a particular sort of query with an IP address (IPv4 or IPv6) as an input and a name record as an output (A record or AAAA record). It’s termed reverse because it works in the same way as a forward DNS lookup, which connects an IP address to a domain name.

If you wish to check a specific host, you can use rDNS. Each host connected to a network has an IP address as an identification. You can readily see the IP address, but you can also execute a reverse DNS lookup to view the domain name and decide whether or not to trust it.

Check out the different Reverse DNS service plan possibilities.

Premium DNS service overview

August 15, 2022 Pavel No Comments DNS DNS records DDNS, DNS, DNS Failover, DNS servers, DNS service, DNS zones, DNSSEC, Domain Name System, Dynamic DNS, Premium DNS, Premium DNS service

Explanation of Premium DNS service

By using a Premium DNS service, you might get more of everything. There are more DNS servers and zones available. Additionally, you have more control over how traffic is moving. Once you start using it, you’ll notice a difference in loading speed. Further, it will lead to increased uptime, security, and SEO.

If your business cannot afford downtime, you should investigate the Premium DNS service. Any website bigger than a small personal blog could profit from implementing a DNS service like this.

If visitor numbers keep rising, you should give this service some real thought.